{"id":668,"date":"2024-05-31T09:46:19","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T09:46:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/?page_id=668"},"modified":"2024-06-26T09:50:11","modified_gmt":"2024-06-26T09:50:11","slug":"development-of-tanjore-painting","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/?page_id=668","title":{"rendered":"Development of Tanjore Painting"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"668\" class=\"elementor elementor-668\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-99fc4c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"99fc4c1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5017e7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5017e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 17-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Artistic Legacy of Painting: Insights from the Markandeya Purana<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb7c2b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"cb7c2b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" id=\"wd-text-block-css\" href=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/WoodMart%20Theme\/woodmart\/css\/parts\/el-text-block.min.css?ver=7.5.1\" type=\"text\/css\" media=\"all\" \/> \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Painting like any other artistic achievement is the result of a world wide web. Each society inherits its own artistic inclinations, which are influenced by various manifestations of art from the world over. The Markandeya Puranam says \"Painting is of four kinds: (1) 'true' to life (satya), (2) 'flute player' (vainika), (3) 'of the city', or 'common man' (nagara), and (4) 'mixed (misra). When the painting bears a resemblance to this earth with proper proportion, tall with a nice body, round and beautiful, it is called 'satya'. 'Vainika', is rich in the display of postures, maintaining exact proportions, placed in an exactly square field, not phlegmatic, not very long but well finished. The paintings known as 'nagara', are round, with firm and well-developed limbs, with scanty garlands and ornaments. Oh! best of men, the 'misra' derived its name from being composed of the former three categories\".<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Methods of producing light and shade are said to be three: (1) crossing lines in the form of leaves (patraja) (2) by stumping (airika) and (3) by dots (binduja). The first method of shading is called 'patraja' on account of lines in the shape of leaves. The 'airika' method is so called because it is said to be very neat and fine. The 'binduja' method is so called from the restrained (i.e. not flowing) handling of the brush\".<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Indistinct, uneven and inarticulate delineation, representation of human figures with lips too thick, eyes and testicles too big, and unrestrained in movements and actions;<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-733 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_sishuvihara-1024x380.jpeg\" alt=\"tg_book_sishuvihara\" width=\"1024\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_sishuvihara-1024x380.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_sishuvihara-150x56.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_sishuvihara-600x222.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_sishuvihara-300x111.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_sishuvihara-768x285.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_sishuvihara-1536x569.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_sishuvihara.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/> <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">such are the defects of chitra (pictorial art). Sweetness, variety,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--wd-main-bgcolor); color: var(--wd-text-color);\">spaciousness of background (bhulamba), proportionate to the position of the figure (sthaana), similarity to what is seen in nature and minute execution are mentioned to be the good qualities of chitra. In works of chitra, delineation, shading, ornamentation and colouring should be described as decorative (i.e. the elements of visualization). The masters praise the rekhas (delineation and articulation of forms), the connoisseurs praise the display of light and shade, women like the display of ornaments, and the rest of the public like richness of colours. Considering this, great care should be taken in the work of chitra so that, it could be appreciated by every one. Bad seat, thirst, inattentiveness, bad conduct and behaviour are the root evils (in the painter) that destroy his painting. In a work of painting, the ground should be well chosen, well covered, very delightful, pleasant in every direction, and its surface (lit. space) should be well coated (lit. anointed). A painting will be then very beautiful, when a learned artist paints it with golden colour, with articulate and yet very soft lines, with distinct and well arranged garments, and lastly not devoid of the beauty of proportionate measurement\".<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we look at the development of Indian paintings through the centuries on the basis of the above description from Markandeya Purana we see different styles and schools emerge often very distinctive. One remarkable phase in the traditional development of painting is the Tanjore school of painting developed in South India in 18th and 19th century.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-b61b1fa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b61b1fa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2df75b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2df75b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc1ce5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_image_or_svg\" data-id=\"dcc1ce5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_image_or_svg.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" id=\"wd-photoswipe-css\" href=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/themes\/WoodMart%20Theme\/woodmart\/css\/parts\/lib-photoswipe.min.css?ver=7.5.1\" type=\"text\/css\" media=\"all\" \/> \t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-image text-center photoswipe-images\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/x_markandeya_jpeg.jpg\"data-width=\"650\" data-height=\"900\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" aria-label=\"Image link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/x_markandeya_jpeg-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/x_markandeya_jpeg-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/x_markandeya_jpeg-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc62bb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"fc62bb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-center\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Markandeya<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b9d1a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c2b9d1a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f12c2cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_image_or_svg\" data-id=\"f12c2cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_image_or_svg.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-image text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/x_chatumukhabramha-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/x_chatumukhabramha-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/x_chatumukhabramha-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7d33f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"e7d33f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-center\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Chaturmukha Brahma<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-4a6db83 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a6db83\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e68254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"3e68254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-734 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-300x100.jpeg\" alt=\"tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva\" width=\"459\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-300x100.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-scaled-150x50.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-scaled-600x199.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-1024x340.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-768x255.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-1536x510.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-2048x679.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/tg_book_bhikstana_of_lord_shiva-scaled-302x100.jpeg 302w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 459px) 100vw, 459px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><strong>The Evolution and Cultural Significance of Tanjore Painting <\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Tanjore style of painting is not basically an indigenous painting tracing to the earlier Chola period.It is a part of the larger Karnataka style of painting that descended down <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vijayanagar<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">empire. The Vijayanagar <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">empire was disintegrated at <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the battle of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Talikota. In those <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">days the art was <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">highly functional. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specific occasions <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">demanded demonstrations of art. Thus art became part of the pattern of life. The onset of the spring season needed Vasantha mandapam in the temples, 'Greeshma', the summer season needed choultries for taking rest, the 'Varsha' and the 'Sharat rithus' (seasons) needed caves and viharas for chaturmasyas and the 'Hemanta' and 'Shisira rithus' needed magnificent courts and durbars. The Vishnu Dharmottaram said that the general class of poor people usually built their residences with their own hands and only the kings and aristocrats could afford to have artistic buildings. Art was thus unconsciously bifurcated into two traditions, the great tradition which also included literature; public buildings which were limited to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hayagrival <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">temples, mandapams, chatrams and viharas; the little tradition were folk arts, music, artefacts, building small residences etc. When the Nayak dynasty was ruling Thanjavur, its rulers brought with them certain Vijayanagar artists and also their traditions of paintings and sculptures. These traditions were bound by the earlier Vedic traditions of shilpa nirman and chitra nirman.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Lord Ganesha, Lord Chaturmukha Brahma, Lord Shiva giving refuge to Markandeya, the shastrartha (intellectual discourse) between Adi Shankara and Mandanmisra or between the atheist and the theist as in Prabodhachandrodaya, the Hayagriva surrounded by apsaras and being carried on a palanquin, the Goloka and the Kamadhenu concepts, the praja waiting for audience at<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the durbar, Aswa pradarshana, the 48 presentations of Sri Krishna leela, Rama, Lakshmana, Sita and Guha at Chitrakuta, the coronation of Rama, the guru-shishya parampara and Dakshinamurthy representation, Ahalya shapavimochanam, Dhanur bhangam, Tataka maaranam, Narada pravesham, Mohini Bhasmasura prasanga, Shiva bhikshatanam, Sravana shaapanam, Indra shaapanam, Muchukunda prakaranam, Nataraja nrityam, Skanda viharam, Ratimanmatha kalapam, Sagara putra shaapavimochanam, Gangavatharanam, 108 incidents of Mahabharatam, Parvati parinayam, Kumarasambhavam, Rajaveethigamanam, Sahasra sheersha purusha darshanam were all presented in paintings.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this way about 1008 subjects were chosen as slaghya (acceptable) for pictorial representation in murals and paintings. Amongst animals and birds the following were permitted to be represented.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Artistic Legacy of Painting: Insights from the Markandeya Purana Painting like any other artistic achievement is the result of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-668","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Development of Tanjore Painting - Tanjore Gallery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tanjoregallery.com\/?page_id=668\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Development of Tanjore Painting - 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